It looks like a gruesome scene, interrupting the pristine whiteness of ice-covered East Antarctica.
What appears to be blood can be seen spilling over the snow in the extreme desert, begging the question: What on Earth happened?
Thankfully, this is no crime scene, nor is it the site of a terrible accident.
It’s actually a strange natural wonder that could hold the secret to life on Mars and it has an appropriately gory name: Blood Falls.
Blood Falls, in the Taylor Valley of Antarctica’s remote McMurdo Dry Valleys, is a gushing stream of crimson-colored salt water flowing from the Taylor Glacier.
The bizarre color of the salt water is traced back about 5 million years, when the ocean flooded East Antarctica and created a salty inland lake. Over time, pristine salt water from the ocean became trapped in a basin that was totally isolated from light, heat and oxygen. The salt water became more and more concentrated in the basin, and is now said to be about three times saltier than the ocean, and too salty to freeze.
When this saline water trickles through small fissures in the ice, it reacts with oxygen in the air to create a brilliant, bloodlike hue.
The red cascade then spills onto the ice-covered surface of West Lake Bonney, earning its name, Blood Falls.
The phenomenon was first discovered in 1911 by Australian geologist Griffith Taylor, who first explored the valley that is now his namesake. At first, scientists thought the red color was due to red algae.
But Blood Falls is not just an eye-popping natural wonder. Scientists believe it could also be the gateway to some crucial revelations about life in hostile environments.
Last year, a study on the bacteria in the salt water suggested Antarctica could be awash with subterranean microbial life. Microbiologists found that the basin of salt water covered a much bigger area than they initially thought.
“I’ve been studying Blood Falls for quite some time, and it’s always been a mystery,” lead author Jill Mikucki of the University of Tennessee told the Washington Post.
“We found, as expected, that there was something sourcing Blood Falls, and we found that these brines were more widespread than previously thought.
“They appear to connect these surface lakes that appear separated on the ground. That means there’s the potential for a much more extensive sub-surface ecosystem, which I’m pretty jazzed about.”
Scientists said the findings could provide new insights into how organisms adapt in extreme environments. And because the McMurdo Dry Valleys are similar to the surface of Mars or Jupiter’s moon Europa, it could also help researchers understand how life could exist on other planets.
If you’re keen to witness the bizarre spectacle for yourself, Blood Falls and McMurdo Dry Valley can be seen by helicopter from nearby Antarctic research stations or cruise ships visiting the Ross Sea.